Ourself discipline will Increase our Productivity

Self-discipline is important for time management. Without self-discipline, how can you expect to be motivated, enthusiastic, and independent?
You know that you need self-discipline, but how do you train yourself to be more discipline so you can get things done?

Self-discipline need to training and be your habbit.Training self-discipline is the same as training your muscle. The more you train it, the stronger it gets. And should I remind you, that everyone can do this? I guess not.

To train self-discipline, you need to set yourself to a task.

You should know what you should do, and then just do it. You need to set basic schedule, or framework, of what needs to be completed within a specific period of time. You should be hard on yourself, by not letting yourself procrastinate or do nothing.

When you are trying to be more discipline, try from smaller things first. After you've got used to do small things with discipline, you can then raise the bar to do bigger and more complicated things.

On the other hand, don't be too hard on yourself. Being hard may increase your productivity, but being too hard or too rigid will lessen it. You will even get frustrated or stressed when you do this.

Therefore, you should allow yourself to have some fun or relaxed times during your workday, and let yourself make mistakes as well. Making mistakes are normal.

To train self-discipline, you should also admit your responsibility. You should also not allow yourself being sidetracked by time-wasting distractions and activities. Yes, you do need some break during your workday, but don't let it lead you off-track.

When you have developed the habit of self-discipline, accomplishing tasks will be easier. Your productivity will increase, and help you to move that much closer to success.

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2 basic Law of chemistry

Conservation of mass law and law of definite proportions

Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)
Conservation of mass law
"mass of a closed system (in the sense of a completely isolated system) will remain constant over time"

Antoine Lavoisier , French chemist,Antoine Laurent Lavoisier was born on August 26, 1743, in Paris.

Lavoisier's experiments were among the first truly quantitative chemical experiments ever performed. He showed that, although matter changes its state in a chemical reaction, the quantity of matter is the same at the end as at the beginning of every chemical reaction. These experiments provided evidence for the law of the conservation of matter. Lavoisier also investigated the composition of water, and he named the components of water oxygen and hydrogen.


Joseph Proust (1754-1826)
law of definite proportions
"chemical compound consists of elements by comparison mass which is always exactly the same"

French chemist. Joseph Louis Proust was born in Angers and educated in Paris. He is best known for establishing the chemical law of definite proportions, sometimes called Proust's law, which states that the elements in a compound are all present in a fixed proportion by weight, regardless of how the compound is prepared.

Proust studied copper carbonate, the two tin oxides, and the two iron sulfides to prove this law. He did this by making artificial copper carbonate and comparing it to natural copper carbonate. With this he showed that each had the same proportion of weights between the three elements involved (Cu, C, O). Between the two types of the other compounds, Proust showed that no intermediate indeterminate compounds exist between them

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Speed Up Your Network and Internet Access for Windows Xp

My connection is a wifi and it improve my speeds about 25% in surfing the internet. give it a try. only do it if you feel comfortable with changing registry.
In default your Windows XP on the quiet has applied bandwidth equal to 20% for update download windows. The bandwidth is better if

we eliminate is just if felt not necessarily to update it is automatically, alternatively we can update our windows in manual when we require newest update, causing 20% quota we can apply to be more increases speed up your internet conectivity.
To do this, follow these steps:
1. Click Start->Run->type gpeditmsc. Once the Windows Policy Editor has loaded.

2. Then steps into : Local Computer Policy–>Computer Configuration–>Administrative Templates–>Network–>QOS Packet Schedule.

3. Then in right appearance selected “ Limit Reservable Bandwidth”, there is written “ Note Configured” -> double click ( there is new appearance, “ Limit reservable bandwidth Properties”).

4. If we like to knew its(the description open in part “ Explain”. There is written description of windows in default applies 20% our bandwidth.

5. Returns to “ Setting” and select;chooses “ Enabled” then changed 20 % to become 0%. Click Ok.

additional way:

Increasing network browsing speed

Maybe your computer slow down when you browse your local area network and connect to other computers that are sharing data? One of the most common causes of this slowdown is a feature of Windows Explorer that looks for scheduled tasks on remote computers. This effort can take some time on some computers and can really slow down your browsing. The window with which you are browsing the network may appear to freeze momentarily, as the system is waiting for a response from the remote computer.

Windows XP: Speeding Disk Access

Although this problem is a complex one, the solution is very simple. Instead of having to wait for the remote scheduled tasks, which is useless information to anyone who is not a system administrator remotely configuring scheduled tasks, you can disable this feature.

In order to do this, you will have to change the System Registry and delete a reference to a key so that this feature will not be loaded. To do this, follow these steps:

1. Open up the Registry Editor by clicking the Start Menu and selecting Run. Then type regedit in the text box and click the OK button.

2. Once the Registry Editor has loaded, expand the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE key.

3. Next, expand Software and then Microsoft.

4. Locate Windows and expand that as well.

5. You will want to be editing the main system files, so expand CurrentVersion.

6. Because this feature is a feature of the Windows component known as Explorer, expand the Explorer key.

7. Next, you will want to modify the remote computer settings, so expand the RemoteComputer key and then expand the NameSpace key to show all of the features that are enabled when you browse to a remote computer.

8. In the NameSpace folder you will find two entries. One is "{2227A280-3AEA-1069-A2DE-08002B30309D}" which tells Explorer to show printers shared on the remote machine. The other, "{D6277990-4C6A-11CF-8D87-00AA0060F5BF}," tells Explorer to show remote scheduled tasks. This is the one that you should delete. This can be done by right-clicking the name of the key and selecting Delete.

Tip:
If you have no use for viewing remote shared printers and are really only interested in shared files, consider deleting the printers key, "{2227A280-3AEA-1069-A2DE-08002B30309D}", as well. This will also boost your browsing speed.

Once you have deleted the key, you just need to restart and the changes will be in effect. Now your network computer browsing will be without needless delays.

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Ways to Improve Your Grades

This article i take from http://ezinearticles.com/,very good to reading...enjoy it...original article is:"5 Little Known Ways to Improve Your Grades"
Maybe generally people having trouble getting the grades we want or need, Does it seem like no matter how hard you study, you just can't get a break? Well, maybe it's not how long or how hard you study, but the way you study. The way you study is more important than how hard you study. So if your grades aren't the grades you want, you need to change the way you study.

Here are 5 things you can do now.

1. Learn to take notes

Most students think they know how to take notes, but in reality they don't. Students think they have to write every word or phrase that leaves the teachers mouth, but that's just not true. You have to become discerning about the information being presented. When a teacher tells a story, you can usually leave that out of your notes. What you need to gather are the main points, new terms and important people.

2. Rewrite your notes

As soon as it is possible, you need to sit down and rewrite your notes. The best way to do this is to get a journal and write your notes as a story or lecture. This will make it easier to re-read when studying for your test.

3. Teach your notes

One of the best ways to make sure you remember the information for your test is to teach the lesson yourself. It doesn't matter if you speak to a group of friends or to your stuffed animals as long as you do it. This is a guaranteed method for retaining information.

4. Develop the notebook habit

You're probably thinking, "What is the notebook habit?"

The notebook habit is the habit of keeping an organized notebook for your studies. You need a large three-ringed notebook, pocket dividers, page dividers and notebook paper. Now set up your notebook with a section for each subject separated by pocket dividers and inside each subject section use page dividers to separate the information such as notes, quizzes, test, etc.

Use this notebook for every class to keep your syllabus, notes, homework, labs and assignments organized. Make it habit to keep it organized and clean.

5. Make flashcards from your notes

Probably the most overlooked, yet most effective method for improving grades is to prepare flashcards. As low tech as it is, using flashcards is very effective. That is if you know haw to prepare and use them.

3x5 cards make the best flashcards. You can put quite a bit of information on one and they are still easy to carry with you. However don't over load the card with information, put one idea or term per card and if appropriate the correct answer on the back. Don't overlook the usefulness of flashcards in helping you become a better student.

None of the above steps will help you get better grades unless you change your habits and take action. So, go get a notebook, or start writing a journal or make some flashcards. If you would like to more I invite you to MrCauseyTutors.com

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History of name Atomism in philosophy

The word atom derives from the ancient Greek adjective atomos, which literally meant 'uncuttable' (a - tomos (not cuttable) – tomos a conjugate of the Greek verb temnein (to cut)).

The word atom is understood in primarily two distinct ways:

firstly, by the physical sciences;

secondly, by philosophy.

Early time name Atomism is traditionally associated with philosophy,, in the fifth century BC:
Leucippus and his student Democritus proposed Atoms are the smallest possible division of matter, do not have physical parts, and cannot be split, cut nor in any way further divided; they are either sizeless (point-sized) or they have a tiny size , in order to reconcile two conflicting schools of thought on the nature of reality. On one side was
Heraclitus,
who believed that the nature of all existence is change. On the other side was
Parmenides,
who believed instead that all change is illusion.
Two fundamental and opposite theorized atom consists of two fundamental and opposite:
-indivisible bodies – atoms
-void

Democritus accepted most of Parmenides' arguments, except for the idea that change is an illusion. He believed change was real, and if it was not then at least the illusion had to be explained. He thus supported the concept of void, and stated that the universe is made up of many Parmenidean entities that move around in the void.The void is infinite and provides the space in which the atoms can pack or scatter differently. The different possible packings and scatterings within the void make up the shifting outlines and bulk of the objects that organisms feel, see, eat, hear, smell, and taste. While organisms may feel hot or cold, hot and cold actually have no real existence. They are simply sensations produced in organisms by the different packings and scatterings of the atoms in the void that compose the object that organisms sense as being "hot" or "cold."
The work of Democritus only survives in secondhand reports, some of which are unreliable or conflicting. Much of the best evidence of Democritus' theory of atomism is reported by Aristotle in his discussions of Democritus' and Plato's contrasting views on the types of indivisibles composing the natural world.

In other side
Aristotle
Sometime before 330 BC asserted that the elements of fire, air, earth, and water were not made of atoms, but were continuous. Aristotle considered the existence of a void, which was required by atomic theories, to violate physical principles. Change took place not by the rearrangement of atoms to make new structures, but by transformation of matter from what it was in potential to a new actuality. (This theory is called hylomorphism.) A piece of wet clay, when acted upon by a potter, takes on its potential to be an actual drinking mug. Aristotle has often been criticized for rejecting atomism, but in ancient Greece the atomic theories of Democritus remained "pure speculations, incapable of being put to any experimental test. Granted that atomism was, in the long run, to prove far more fruitful than any qualitative theory of matter, in the short run the theory that Aristotle proposed must have seemed in some respects more promising.

source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomism

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Table Tennis Measure

Length, Wide, Wide, Desk Height And Net

In making good Table Tennis must as according to international standard either contest table and also net applied.

A. Table tennis Measure

- Length = 274 cm

- Wide = 152,5 cm

- Side line weights = 2 cm

- Desk height from field floor = 76 cm

- Wide = 4,1785 square meters

B. Pillar Net and Net Net

- Length Net = 183 cm

- Wide / Height Net = 15,25 cm

- Desk Distance To Pillar = 15,25 cm

- Wide Net = 0,279075 square meters

In periphery and in the middle of table is given line. Generally table tennis primary colour is green colour and mark with lines is white.

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Blogging tutorial for beginner

possibly you are one of man which wish to get way of making complete blog and easy,i suggests you to get it in:

http://kolom-tutorial.blogspot.com/

this blog in create based on the stages;steps in blog its.
this blog in create based on the stages;steps in blog its(the tersebut,everything explaining by the way of simple so that beginner like me can make a blog although i am not a programmer and or which expert in its, altogether must itry and error to causing earns in finalizing according to which we wants,for who people was expert , there are good to reading blog that blog....so for big thank taste to kang abdurrohman ( possibly trully name:not good to calls kang rohman in consequence just for God).

of course in requires patience and time but that will make us is more better.

let us having internet robustly and bright.

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Smart Rules for Using the Internet

We wish the Internet were a safe place in which to play and purchase, but that is simply not the case. The Internet is filled with crooks and creeps trying to steal your personal information; destroy your PC; or use your PC, without your knowledge, to harm others.

1. Use anti-virus software: Have a reliable anti-virus software program installed on your PC that scans all emails and tries to prevent websites from dumping viruses onto your PC. Run a thorough scan of your disk drives weekly. There are several very good free anti-virus software programs available.
2. Use McAfee’s free SiteAdvisor software: SiteAdvisor can be downloaded free from McAfee's website. McAfee has tested millions of websites to see which are clean and which are not. With SiteAdvisor installed, the program will place a green, yellow, or red icon next to each website listed on your keyword search results screen. Only click on the green ones and ignore the others.
3. Guard your email address: Treat it like your social security number. I'm constantly being asked for my email address from people who do not need it (this morning the animal hospital asked me for it!). When shopping, use an Internet email address (see below). Also, when shopping read the company’s Privacy Policy. If there isn’t one, or if they admit to selling your personal information, don’t buy from them.
4. Have an Internet-only email address for shopping: Have one email address dedicated to friends and family who are security-minded, and have a separate, “disposable” email address (yahoo, gmail) for shopping and other Internet activities (these email addresses are free). If you get spam on the yahoo or gmail address, you can just delete the address and create a new one.
5. Use Bcc: when forwarding emails and tell your friends to do the same: When you forward an email to all of your friends, you’re broadcasting their email addresses to strangers! Click forward, enter your email address in the To: area and list everyone elses's under Bcc:. After clicking Forward, in Yahoo, click "Show bcc" which is underneath the From line. In Google, click Add Bcc.
6. Choose email addresses and passwords that aren't guessable: Spammers have programs that send out millions of emails at lightning speed to “guessed” email addresses. Put some numbers or special symbols in your addresses and passwords.
7. Never open an email from a stranger: Many spam emails contain viruses and other malware in the actual email itself - not in an attachment!
8. Never reply to a spam email and never click on a link in a spam email: If you do open a spam email, don’t reply to it and don’t fall for the “click here to unsubscribe from our mailing list” scam. It’s a trick to get you to validate your email address. And never click on any link in an email from a stranger.
9. Be careful opening any email attachments: Opening an email attachment from a stranger is a guaranteed infection. But what if the email attachment comes from a friend? The rule of thumb is: don’t open it unless you’re expecting it, or it is very personalized, I.e. JasonBirthday.jpg (and your friend’s son just had a birthday). Used common sense. Don’t open any attachment with innocuous sounding names like “havefun.exe.” Delete the email immediately. Restrain your curiosity.
10. Don’t fall for phishing emails: Banks and other financial institutions don’t send out emails requesting personal information. Never open an email from a financial institution unless it’s a reply to an email you sent them. These are Phishing emails from crooks trying to steal your identity. They send an email requesting personal information or your account will be frozen. The email probably contains a link to their website - which looks just like the bank's website. If your financial institution wants to contact you, they will send you a letter!
11. Surf smart: Don’t click on pop-up ads. Don’t say ‘yes’ when a website wants you to download some cute thing. Don’t sign up for free stuff … usually the purpose of the offer or contest is to get your email address. Don’t register on a site unless you’ve thoroughly checked it out; see what others say about the website. Make sure the website’s privacy policy ensures your privacy. And last, but not least, remember the #1 rule of Internet browsing: the more questionable the website, the more likely you will get infected.
12. Only download software from reputable sites: Only download software from websites that have a reputation of thoroughly checking each application for spyware or malware. See my separate document titled Great Free Software for a list of reputable sites - www.download.com is probably the most popular. Read editors’ reviews and user reviews. Be aware that songs and other files downloaded from peer-to-peer programs like Bearshare or Limewire can be infected.
13. Scan all downloaded files before opening: Have a designated folder for all downloads. There is a setting in your browser where you can specify where you want downloaded files to be placed. Before opening any downloaded file, scan the file or folder with your anti-virus software and an anti-spyware program. On many systems, all you have to do is right-click on the file and click the option to scan with your anti-virus software. On my PC, AVG Anti-Spyware shows up on my right-click menu.
14. Spoof your email address: Try to avoid newsrooms and forums that don’t let you mask your email address. If you have to use the website, then spoof it. Instead of typing bwilson@xyz.com, type bwilson at xyz.com.
15. Set up message filters in your mail program: Most email programs like Outlook, Thunderbird, etc., can be setup to filter incoming emails. You can create rules that will delete emails that don’t specifically include your email address in the To: or Cc: fields. You can also create rules to block emails with certain undesireable words in the Subject Line.
16. Use an anti-spam program: If spam has become a problem and you can’t change your email address and start anew, use anti-spam software which filters junk email out of your inbox and puts it into a special spam folder. Your ISP may have this function available for you.
17. If you have your own website, don’t post your email address on it in text: Email scanners look at websites for email addresses. If you need to post your email address, put it in a graphic image (.gif or .jpg) or encrypt it in some way. Some folks use contact forms, but scammers regularly use these forms to send out spam.
18. If you own a website, pay to have your Domain Name Registration information “unlisted”: It's a legal requirement that all domain names have valid contact information posted on the Internet and you can view this contact information on websites such as www.whois.com. Spammers regularly visit the “whois” database to harvest email addresses. Make sure the web hosting company gives you the option to pay to have your information unlisted. What shows up instead for your domain is the contact information for your web hosting company.

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HOW TO WRITE A GOOD ARTICLE

Copyright by Craig Lock
Firstly, carefully research and study your subject matter.

Think it all through very carefully, WHAT you are going to say and HOW you are going to say it.

I believe the essence of writing a good interesting article is simplicity, but with a touch (or could it be "tinge" of the unusual).

Always aim for clarity and simplicity in your writing.

How long should your article be?

In writing for newspapers or popular magazines the length is probably around 500-750 words (or one to 2 pages).

I would far rather read a 1000 word article giving information that would help me, than a breezy 3000 word article of waffle that doesn't say much at all.

Always try to put yourself in the position of the reader.

After completion, re-read your article a number of times.

Polish it up by changing words and expressions.


Ensure that your article reads quickly and easily.

Otherwise if an article is too long the reader can easily lose concentration and give up.

Examine your sentences and paragraphs carefully to ensure that the words flow smoothly.

A paragraph should deal with one idea, developed in one or more sentences that logically advances the points you are trying to make, add meaning or develop thestory you are telling (the plot).

Always try to make your meaning clear.

Ensure that your sentences are well structured and that your grammar iscorrect.

The first words of your article are of vital importance to grab yourreader's attention.

You are doing a "selling" job to entice them to read more - so make the reader want to read more.

Develop your theme logically. Carefully plan what you are going to say.

Make a list of your main points.

Then progress from one to another (logically), so that they lead to a conclusion.

For example

"...and that is why I think the resource management act is good for the local environment."
or
"and that is why I believe all accountants and actuaries should be set in concrete and used as traffic bollards"
Oops sorry accountants and actuaries!
Do you know what an actuary is?
An accountant who didn't have the personality!
An Example Of An Article

Eg: You are writing about the growing popularity of home computers.

Identify 4 or 5 main points:
say,
* cost
* who is buying them
* how they are being used
and
* implications for the future.

In a short article each of these points will be a paragraph.

In a longer article, the points will be developed.
Arrange your points logically.
You can include sub-points under each main point.
In the example on computers you may include:
* word processing
* computer games
* accounts
and
* school work.

There are three main parts of any article.
Your article should have an introduction.
This introduces the reader to the subject.
Then the main body of the article which comprises most of an article.
This then leads logically to a final deduction or conclusion.
This is essentially a summary of all the main points mentioned before.

I believe the key to writing good articles lies in good PLANNING.
Collecting your material and thinking clearly.
Spend a quiet time thinking before you even set pen to paper.
Ask for inspiration.

Your article should answer the five questions of a very inquisitive person:
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
and
WHEN

I've just remembered I used to drive my dad 'dilly' with those questions when I was a kid.
"Inquisitive little bugger!"

As I mentioned, the title and your first words are of vital importance to grab your reader's attention.
Make them want to read more.
Develop your theme step by step - it's like building a wall brick by brick.
Plan what you are going to say, and how you are going to say it.
Make a list of your main points.
Then elaborate on them.
Progress logically, naturally and smoothly from one to another, so that they lead to a conclusion.

I'm repeating myself, not out of senility... but for effect.
Also saves me the trouble of even more editing!
Have a strong summary to round off your article.
If you know exactly how you are going to end off , the more easily you will shape the article as a whole.
It's like starting off with a piece of clay then moulding and shaping it.
You are adding your personal touch, a bit of your personality, your individual thoughts and creativity to the sculpture of life.
It is a bittle bit of the real you coming out - a little of you and your unique "work of art" is being expressed to the world.

PRESENTATION

Not one of my strong points, but here are a few points to help you...hopefully!
# Present your work on A4 size paper.*
# Type on one side of the page only.
# Use "double space" between lines.
# Leave a margin of at least 1 inch (25cm) each side, top and bottom.
# Have a Title Page with the name of the writer on it. Makes you feel quite proud of your 'little effort'!
# Use a Header with the Title, Your Name and Page No.

Much easier writing for the www and being published on the net. No chopping down trees, so the "greenies" must be very happy.

OTHER POINTERS
I firmly believe writing articles should be entertaining as well as informative. I aim for that in my writing STYLE.
Don't be too impersonal - put in little anecdotes about yourself.
Also don't be afraid to express personal opinions on issues.
(I must learn to keep quiet at times!)
So why not start writing that article.
You may even see that article published.
Seeing my first article in print gave me a big thrill.
Now use your creative imagination to the fullest and happy writing. Perhaps I may even see your name in print.
Good luck and happy writing.

As the ancient Chinese proverb said so wisely...
The journey of a thousand miles begins with ...
a broken fan belt and a leaky tire.

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Advertise and Increase Your Blog Traffic Without Money

Basically it's like giving your business card to someone in the hopes that they will visit your site or do "business" with you. The more cards you drop, the more your site will get exposure. And other people will do the same to you. Dropping their cards to you in the hopes that you will visit their site.

Each time you drop a card you get credits. Each time someone drops their card on your site you get credits. You also get credits for sites that want to advertise on your blog. You can then use your credits to advertise on some one else's blog. It's a great way to publicize your blog without having to pay anything.

There are no referral bonuses or anything like that, I'm not getting paid to mention Entrecard.com. I am just writing this post to help other bloggers like myself get some exposure for their blogs and boost their traffic. It's a win win situation for everyone involved so check it out, spread the love, and keep the cards flowing (or dropping).

Are you looking to increase your blog traffic? I found this great site where I can network and advertise my blog for free. It's called Entrecard.com and it's really addicting. increase traffic with entrecardBasically it's like giving your business card to someone in the hopes that they will visit your site or do "business" with you. The more cards you drop, the more your site will get exposure. And other people will do the same to you. Dropping their cards to you in the hopes that you will visit their site.

Each time you drop a card you get credits. Each time someone drops their card on your site you get credits. You also get credits for sites that want to advertise on your blog. You can then use your credits to advertise on some one else's blog. It's a great way to publicize your blog without having to pay anything.

There are no referral bonuses or anything like that, I'm not getting paid to mention Entrecard.com. I am just writing this post to help other bloggers like myself get some exposure for their blogs and boost their traffic. It's a win win situation for everyone involved so check it out, spread the love, and keep the cards flowing (or dropping).

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Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja 2010

kepada yth;

kepala HRD
Bank BRI syariah

Berdasarkan informasi yang saya peroleh dari internet, bahwa perusahaan yang bapak/ibu pimpin membuka lowongan kerja. saya berminat mengajukan lamaran pekerjaan sebagai AIO, back office, untuk penempatan di cirebon.

berikut data diri saya :

nama : muhammad rahadian taufik
TTL : cirebon, 28 nopember 1985
pendidikan : S1 akuntansi
IPK : 3,05
no telp : 081564******
email : emailanda@yahoo.co.id

----------------------------------

Jakarta, 2009

Perihal : Lamaran Pekerjaan
Lampiran : Satu Berkas

Yth.
Bpk/Ibu Personalia
Di tempat

Dengan hormat,

Dengan ini saya mengajukan permohonan kerja kepada perusahaan yang Bapak/Ibu pimpin. Berikut saya cantumkan data diri saya:

Nama : Andri Budi Santoso
Jenis Kelamin : Laki-laki
Tempat/tanggal lahir : Jakarta, 25 Februari 1986
Alamat : Jl. Raya Bogor km26 Rt01/06 no 12
Jakarta Timur
Agama : Islam
Pendidikan : SMK
Nomor Handphone : 02193945960
email : andrisantoso_budi@yahoo.com
Adapun Kemampuan yang saya miliki yaitu sebagai berikut:

• Menguasai hardware maupun software komputer
• Menguasai internet
• Menguasai MS.Office,

Demikian surat permohonan kerja ini saya sampaikan dengan harapan dapat diterima sebagai karyawan di Perusahaan yang Bapak pimpin, Atas perhatiannya saya ucapkan terima kasih.

Hormat saya

Andri Budi Santoso


----------------------------------


Bandung, 14 Desember 2009
Hal: Lamaran Pekerjaan

Kepada Yth,
Bapak/Ibu Manajer Sumber Daya Manusia
di
Bandung

Dengan Hormat,
Berdasarkan informasi yang saya peroleh, bahwa perusahaan yang Bapak/Ibu pimpin sedang membutuhkan tenaga kerja. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, perkenankan saya mengajukan diri melamar kerja (part time dan freelance).
Mengenai diri saya, dapat saya jelaskan sebagai berikut :

Nama lengkap : Yulianti
Tempat dan tanggal lahir : Bandung, 29 September 1989
Pendidikan akhir : SMK SMIP Dharma Bhakti Bandung
Alamat : Jln. Binong Utara No.317 BLK Rt.07 Rw.02 Bandung 40284
Telepon, HP, email : 022-91703288 dan 08562242288, yuli_euy2000@yahoo.com
Status perkawinan : Belum menikah

Saya seorang yang jujur, bertanggung jawab, mudah beradaptasi dan disiplin. Saya telah terbiasa bekerja dengan menggunakan komputer. Terutama mengoperasikan aplikasi paket MS Office, seperti Excel, Word, PowerPoint, juga internet.
Saya senang untuk belajar, dan dapat bekerja secara mandiri maupun dalam tim dengan baik. Sebagai bahan pertimbangan, saya lampirkan :

1. Daftar Riwayat Hidup

Saya akan merasa bangga bila dapat bergabung dengan perusahaan yang Bapak/Ibu pimpin. Atas perhatian Bapak/Ibu saya ucapkan terima kasih.

Hormat saya,

Yulianti

Daftar Riwayat Hidup

Data pribadi
Nama : Yulianti
Jenis kelamin : Perempuan
Tempat, tanggal lahir : Bandung, 29 September 1989
Kewarganegaraan : Indonesia
Status perkawinan : Belum menikah
Tinggi, berat badan : 155 cm, 42 kg
Kesehatan : Sangat baik
Agama : Islam
Alamat lengkap : Jl.Binong Utara No.317 BLK Rt.07 Rw.02 Bandung 40284
Telepon, HP : 022-91703288 dan 08562242288, Email : yuli_euy2000@yahoo.com

Pendidikan
• Formal
1996-2002 : SDN Kiara condong I Bandung
2002-2005 : SLTP Vijaya Kusuma Bandung
2005-2008 : SMK SMIP Dharma Bhakti Bandung

• Non Formal
1998-1999 : Kursus Komputer
Kemampuan
– Kemampuan Komputer (MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, Photoshop).
– Kemampuan Internet.

Pengalaman Bekerja :
- Operator Warnet
- SPG KOZZUI
- Horison Resorrt Dago Pakar Bandung
- Desk call Bank Danamon Semarang
- PT.Ramoco Dinamika Bandung

Bandung, 14 Desember 2009

(Yulianti)

----------------------------------

Itulah "Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja 2010 Dalam Bahasa Indonesia" jika masih ada yang kurang saya minta maaf karena surat lamaran kerja itu saya kopi dari komentar di website sebelah :)

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Registry

What is the Registry?
The Registry is a database used to store settings and options for the 32 bit versions of Microsoft Windows including Windows 95, 98, ME and NT/2000. It contains information and settings for all the hardware, software, users, and preferences of the PC. Whenever a user makes changes to a Control Panel settings, or File Associations, System Policies, or installed software, the changes are reflected and stored in the Registry.

The physical files that make up the registry are stored differently depending on your version of Windows; under Windows 95 & 98 it is contained in two hidden files in your Windows directory, called USER.DAT and SYSTEM.DAT, for Windows Me there is an additional CLASSES.DAT file, while under Windows NT/2000 the files are contained seperately in the %SystemRoot%\System32\Config directory. You can not edit these files directly, you must use a tool commonly known as a "Registry Editor" to make any changes (using registry editors will be discussed later in the article).

The Structure of The Registry
The Registry has a hierarchal structure, although it looks complicated the structure is similar to the directory structure on your hard disk, with Regedit being similar to Windows Explorer.

Each main branch (denoted by a folder icon in the Registry Editor, see left) is called a Hive, and Hives contains Keys. Each key can contain other keys (sometimes referred to as sub-keys), as well as Values. The values contain the actual information stored in the Registry. There are three types of values; String, Binary, and DWORD - the use of these depends upon the context.

There are six main branches, each containing a specific portion of the information stored in the Registry. They are as follows:


* HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT - This branch contains all of your file association mappings to support the drag-and-drop feature, OLE information, Windows shortcuts, and core aspects of the Windows user interface.
* HKEY_CURRENT_USER - This branch links to the section of HKEY_USERS appropriate for the user currently logged onto the PC and contains information such as logon names, desktop settings, and Start menu settings.
* HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE - This branch contains computer specific information about the type of hardware, software, and other preferences on a given PC, this information is used for all users who log onto this computer.
* HKEY_USERS - This branch contains individual preferences for each user of the computer, each user is represented by a SID sub-key located under the main branch.
* HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG - This branch links to the section of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE appropriate for the current hardware configuration.
* HKEY_DYN_DATA - This branch points to the part of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, for use with the Plug-&-Play features of Windows, this section is dymanic and will change as devices are added and removed from the system.



Each registry value is stored as one of five main data types:


* REG_BINARY - This type stores the value as raw binary data. Most hardware component information is stored as binary data, and can be displayed in an editor in hexadecimal format.
* REG_DWORD - This type represents the data by a four byte number and is commonly used for boolean values, such as "0" is disabled and "1" is enabled. Additionally many parameters for device driver and services are this type, and can be displayed in REGEDT32 in binary, hexadecimal and decimal format, or in REGEDIT in hexadecimal and decimal format.
* REG_EXPAND_SZ - This type is an expandable data string that is string containing a variable to be replaced when called by an application. For example, for the following value, the string "%SystemRoot%" will replaced by the actual location of the directory containing the Windows NT system files. (This type is only available using an advanced registry editor such as REGEDT32)
* REG_MULTI_SZ - This type is a multiple string used to represent values that contain lists or multiple values, each entry is separated by a NULL character. (This type is only available using an advanced registry editor such as REGEDT32)
* REG_SZ - This type is a standard string, used to represent human readable text values.



Other data types not available through the standard registry editors include:


* REG_DWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN - A 32-bit number in little-endian format.
* REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN - A 32-bit number in big-endian format.
* REG_LINK - A Unicode symbolic link. Used internally; applications should not use this type.
* REG_NONE - No defined value type.
* REG_QWORD - A 64-bit number.
* REG_QWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN - A 64-bit number in little-endian format.
* REG_RESOURCE_LIST - A device-driver resource list.



Editing The Registry

The Registry Editor (REGEDIT.EXE) is included with most version of Windows (although you won't find it on the Start Menu) it enables you to view, search and edit the data within the Registry. There are several methods for starting the Registry Editor, the simplest is to click on the Start button, then select Run, and in the Open box type "regedit", and if the Registry Editor is installed it should now open and look like the image below.

An alternative Registry Editor (REGEDT32.EXE) is available for use with Windows NT/2000, it includes some additional features not found in the standard version, including; the ability to view and modify security permissions, and being able to create and modify the extended string values REG_EXPAND_SZ & REG_MULTI_SZ.

Create a Shortcut to Regedit
This can be done by simply right-clicking on a blank area of your desktop, selecting New, then Shortcut, then in the Command line box enter "regedit.exe" and click Next, enter a friendly name (e.g. 'Registry Editor') then click Finish and now you can double click on the new icon to launch the Registry Editor.

Using Regedit to modify your Registry
Once you have started the Regedit you will notice that on the left side there is a tree with folders, and on the right the contents (values) of the currently selected folder.

Like Windows explorer, to expand a certain branch (see the structure of the registry section), click on the plus sign [+] to the left of any folder, or just double-click on the folder. To display the contents of a key (folder), just click the desired key, and look at the values listed on the right side. You can add a new key or value by selecting New from the Edit menu, or by right-clicking your mouse. And you can rename any value and almost any key with the same method used to rename files; right-click on an object and click rename, or click on it twice (slowly), or just press F2 on the keyboard. Lastly, you can delete a key or value by clicking on it, and pressing Delete on the keyboard, or by right-clicking on it, and choosing Delete.

Note: it is always a good idea to backup your registry before making any changes to it. It can be intimidating to a new user, and there is always the possibility of changing or deleting a critical setting causing you to have to reinstall the whole operating system. It's much better to be safe than sorry!

Importing and Exporting Registry Settings

A great feature of the Registry Editor is it's ability to import and export registry settings to a text file, this text file, identified by the .REG extension, can then be saved or shared with other people to easily modify local registry settings. You can see the layout of these text files by simply exporting a key to a file and opening it in Notepad, to do this using the Registry Editor select a key, then from the "Registry" menu choose "Export Registry File...", choose a filename and save. If you open this file in notepad you will see a file similar to the example below:

Quote:

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup]
"SetupType"=dword:00000000
"CmdLine"="setup -newsetup"
"SystemPrefix"=hex:c5,0b,00,00,00,40,36,02


The layout is quite simple, REGEDIT4 indicated the file type and version, [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup] indicated the key the values are from, "SetupType"=dword:00000000 are the values themselves the portion after the "=" will vary depending on the type of value they are; DWORD, String or Binary.

So by simply editing this file to make the changes you want, it can then be easily distributed and all that need to be done is to double-click, or choose "Import" from the Registry menu, for the settings to be added to the system Registry.

Deleting keys or values using a REG file
It is also possible to delete keys and values using REG files. To delete a key start by using the same format as the the REG file above, but place a "-" symbol in front of the key name you want to delete. For example to delete the [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup] key the reg file would look like this:

Quote:

REGEDIT4

[-HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup]


The format used to delete individual values is similar, but instead of a minus sign in front of the whole key, place it after the equal sign of the value. For example, to delete the value "SetupType" the file would look like:

Quote:

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup]
"SetupType"=-


Use this feature with care, as deleting the wrong key or value could cause major problems within the registry, so remember to always make a backup first.

Regedit Command Line Options
Regedit has a number of command line options to help automate it's use in either batch files or from the command prompt. Listed below are some of the options, please note the some of the functions are operating system specific.


* regedit.exe [options] [filename] [regpath]
* [filename] Import .reg file into the registry
* /s [filename] Silent import, i.e. hide confirmation box when importing files
* /e [filename] [regpath] Export the registry to [filename] starting at [regpath]
e.g. regedit /e file.reg HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT
* /L:system Specify the location of the system.dat to use
* /R:user Specify the location of the user.dat to use
* /C [filename] Compress (Windows 98)
* /D [regpath] Delete the specified key (Windows 98)

Maintaining the Registry

How can you backup and restore the Registry?

Windows 95
Microsoft included a utility on the Windows 95 CD-ROM that lets you create backups of the Registry on your computer. The Microsoft Configuration Backup program, CFGBACK.EXE, can be found in the \Other\Misc\Cfgback directory on the Windows 95 CD-ROM. This utility lets you create up to nine different backup copies of the Registry, which it stores, with the extension RBK, in your \Windows directory. If your system is set up for multiple users, CFGBACK.EXE won't back up the USER.DAT file.

After you have backed up your Registry, you can copy the RBK file onto a floppy disk for safekeeping. However, to restore from a backup, the RBK file must reside in the \Windows directory. Windows 95 stores the backups in compressed form, which you can then restore only by using the CFGBACK.EXE utility.

Windows 98
Microsoft Windows 98 automatically creates a backup copy of the registry every time Windows starts, in addition to this you can manually create a backup using the Registry Checker utility by running SCANREGW.EXE from Start | Run menu.

What to do if you get a Corrupted Registry
Windows 95, 98 and NT all have a simple registry backup mechanism that is quite reliable, although you should never simply rely on it, remember to always make a backup first!

Windows 95
In the Windows directory there are several hidden files, four of these will be SYSTEM.DAT & USER.DAT, your current registry, and SYSTEM.DA0 & USER.DA0, a backup of your registry. Windows 9x has a nice reature in that every time it appears to start successfully it will copy the registry over these backup files, so just in case something goes wrong can can restore it to a known good state. To restore the registry follow these instruction:
[list=1]
* Click the Start button, and then click Shut Down.

* Click Restart The Computer In MS-DOS Mode, then click Yes.

* Change to your Windows directory. For example, if your Windows directory is c:\windows, you would type the following:

cd c:\windows

* Type the following commands, pressing ENTER after each one. (Note that SYSTEM.DA0 and USER.DA0 contain the number zero.)

attrib -h -r -s system.dat
attrib -h -r -s system.da0
copy system.da0 system.dat
attrib -h -r -s user.dat
attrib -h -r -s user.da0
copy user.da0 user.dat

* Restart your computer.



Following this procedure will restore your registry to its state when you last successfully started your computer.

If all else fails, there is a file on your hard disk named SYSTEM.1ST that was created when Windows 95 was first successfully installed. If necessary you could also change the file attributes of this file from read-only and hidden to archive to copy the file to C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM.DAT.

Windows NT
On Windows NT you can use either the "Last Known Good" option or RDISK to restore to registry to a stable working configuration.

How can I clean out old data from the Registry?
Although it's possible to manually go through the Registry and delete unwanted entries, Microsoft provides a tool to automate the process, the program is called RegClean. RegClean analyzes Windows Registry keys stored in a common location in the Windows Registry. It finds keys that contain erroneous values, it removes them from the Windows Registry after having recording those entries in the Undo.Reg file.

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Mobile Secret Codes

Siemens Mobile Secret Codes:

C25:

SP unlock *#0003*(secret code 8 digits)#

*#0606# shows you Secret Code, but only without SIM Card.

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

Resets language to automatic selection : * # 0000 # then Green button

Pin Out (electrical connections)

1- GND
2- SB
3- POWER
4- NC
5- TX
6- RX
7- CLOCK
8- DATA
9- GND MIC
10- HF MIC
11- AUDIO
12- GND AUDIO


Languages:

*#0000#+green phone - choose automaticaly
*#0001#+green phone - English
*#0030#+green phone - Greek
*#0031#+green phone - Netherlands
*#0032#+green phone - French
*#0034#+green phone - Spanish
*#0039#+green phone - Italian
*#0049#+green phone - German
*#0090#+green phone - Turkish

How to change PIN:

**04*old PIN*new PIN*new PIN#

How to check simlock status

*#0606# and then press left soft-key, you will see strange characters, then text ("brak blokad"). If you see for example 260-02, it means the phone is locked to Era GSM. In older models you can use *#06# and see the same information after clicking on left key (you will see IMEI and software version).


S4:

Monitor Mode - how to activate:

Press left soft-key, then 9 (SET UP) 8 (Phone Status). You will see IMEI number, then press left soft-key and in order 7684666 and red phone at the end (monitor mode has been activated). To read information from Monitor Mode - press left soft-key, then 5 (GSM SERVICE) and 6 (Monitor). Monitor mode turns off when you switch off the phone. You must activate it again if you want.

How to see date of software:

Press left soft-key, then 9 (SET UP) 8 (Phone status). You will see IMEI number, then press twice left soft-key, 98, left soft-key, 7684666, red phone (activates Monitor Mode), left soft-key, 56 (turns on Monitor Mode), left soft-key, 98, left soft-key, 7684666, hang up (red phone) >abck to "normal" and then left soft-key, 56.

S6, S8:

If you add to phonebook under 'own phone number' +12022243121 with namez (for example MMI), then you will see something smile.gif

S10, E10:

In phonebook enter +12022243121 as your own phone no. You will see a picture with sun, two palms and greetings.

S15e:

Monitor Mode:

Code: *#7436267*8378# (*#SIEMENS*TEST#)
Hold red phone button until it code disapears.
Menu 3.3.4 Choose frequency.
Menu 3.3.4.1 Automaticaly.
Menu 3.3.4.2 Choose GSM-900
Menu 3.3.4.3 Choose GSM-1800

Menu 10.1 MS info
Menu 10.2 Soft date
Menu 10.2.1 Software version.
Menu 10.2.2 EEProm version.
Menu 10.3 Tst and product info.
Menu 10.3.1 Handware data.
Menu 10.3.2 Date of manufacture
Menu 10.3.3 Service date
Menu 10.3.4 Date of repair.


S25:

Enhanced Full Rate
*#3370# turns on
#3370# turns off

Haft Rate Mode
*#4720# turns on
#4720# turns off.

Languages:

*#0000#+green phone - choose automaticaly
*#0001#+green phone - English
*#0030#+green phone - Greek
*#0031#+green phone - Netherlands
*#0032#+green phone - French
*#0034#+green phone - Spanish
*#0039#+green phone - Italian
*#0049#+green phone - German
*#0090#+green phone - Turkish

How to change PIN2?

**04*old PIN2*new PIN2*new PIN2#

What is my software version?

Menu 8-8-2 press left-softkey when you see IMEI number, or *#06# and then green phone button and then press left soft-key.

How to extend battery life:

IrDA - turn on only when you need.
Turn off automatic network search (6-3)Turn off Vibration alarm.

SP unlock *#0003*(secret code 8 digits)#

*#0606# shows you Secret Code, but only without SIM Card.

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

Resets language to automatic selection : * # 0000 # then Green button



S25, M35, S35, C35

SP unlock *#0003*(secret code 8 digits)#

*#0606# shows you Secret Code, but only without SIM Card.

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

Resets language to automatic selection : * # 0000 # then Green button






Secret Codes Of Nokia Mobiles:


Below we present secret codes of nokia mobile phones which are very useful for people who unlock phones and for amateurs of this topic. These special key sequences entered fromkeyboard of phone allow you to get some important information like IMEI number, release date, software version and much more. You can also choose default language, activatenetmonitor ect.


1610/1630

*#170602112302# (software version)

1610/1611

IMEI number: -*# 0 6 #
Software version: -* # 1 7 0 6 0 2 1 1 2 3 9 2 #
Simlock status: - # 9 2 7 0 2 6 8 9 #


2110

*#9999# (software version)

2110i/2110e

*#170602112302# or (depends on model)*#682371158412125# (software version)


NOKIA3110

*#06# -IMEI

*#3110# -Software version

##002# - allows to turn off voice mail.

*#7780# - restore factory settings

*#746025625#(or *#sim0clock#) - to check if clock of sim (SIM-Clock) can be stopped (SIM-Clock-stop is akind of standby mode which saces battery)

*#92702689# (or *#war0anty#) -"warranty code:"- you have to enter one of the following codes:

6232 (OK)displays month and year of production date (ie "0198")

7332 (OK) - displays date of last repair - if there is (ie. "DATE NOT SAVED")

7832 (OK) - displays date of purchase - if there is (ie. "DATE NOT SAVED")

9268 (OK) -displays serial number

37832 (OK) -sets purchase date in format MMYY (MM - month, YY - year)- attention: you can set it only once, so beware !

87267 (OK)-displays message "Confirm Transfer?" - meaning is unknown (?)

* # 9 2 7 0 2 6 8 9 # -Simlock info

*#31# (call) -sets if your phone no. will be hidden or not (works only in some networks)

*#76# (call) -sets if target phone number when you call should be displayed (works only in some networks)

*#77# (call) -(work s only in some networks)

*#33/35# (call -displays message "Service not active".

**31# (call) -your no. will not be showed to others when you make a call



3210


*#06# -IMEI

*#0000# -software version

*#92702689# (or *#war0anty#)- enters service mode.

*3370# -Turns on sound encoding system - Enhanced Full Rate.


#3370# -Turns off sound encoding system Enhanced Full Rate .

*4720# -Turns on battery save mode - saves about 30 % of energy.

#4720# -Turns off battery save mode.

xx# -Replace xx with desired phonebook entry - press # and you will see it on display.


51XX


*#06# -IMEI

*#0000# - Software version

*#92702689#( or *#war0anty#) Enter service mode.

*3370# -Turns on sound encoding system - Enhanced Full Rate.

#3370# -Turns off sound encoding system - Enhanced Full Rate.

*4720# -Turns on battery save mode - saves about 30 % of energy.

#4720# -Turns off battery save mode.

#pw+1234567890+1 -provider lock status

#pw+1234567890+2 -Network lock status

#pw+1234567890+3 -Provider lock status

#pw+1234567890+4 - SimCard lock status


NOKIA 61XX


*#06# -IMEI

*#0000# ;-*#99 99# (Nokia 6130)


*#92702689# (or *#war0anty#) Software versionEnter service mode.

*3370# -Turns on sound encoding system - Enhanced Full Rate.

#3370# -Turns off sound encoding system - Enhanced Full Rate.

*4720# -Turns on battery save mode - saves about 30 % of energy.

#4720# -Turns off battery save mode.


NOKIA8810


*#06# - IMEI

*#0000# -Software version

*#92702689# (or *#war0anty#) Enter service mode.

*3370# -Turns on sound encoding system - Enhanced Full Rate.

#3370# -Turns off sound encoding system - Enhanced Full Rate.

*4720# -Turns on battery save mode - saves about 30 % of energy

#4720# -Turns off battery save mode - saves about 30 % of energy



NOKIA99OO


*#06# -IMEI

*#682371158412125# -Software version

*#3283# -Displays week and year of manufacture, ie. 1497 means 14th week of 1997.



NOKIA 911O


*#06# IMEI


*#0000# SOFTWARE VERSION

*3370# Turns on sound encoding system - Enhanced Full Rate.

#3370# Turns off sound encoding system - Enhanced Full Rate.

*4720# Turns on battery save mode - saves about 30 % of energy.

#4720# Turns off battery save mode.



NOKIA 81XX


*#06# IMEI
*#8110# Software version
xx# Replace xx with desired phonebook entry - press # and you will see it on display

*#92702689# (or *#warOanty#)

"Warranty code:" - you have to enter one of the following codes:

9268 (OK) displays IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identification)

6232 (OK) displays date of manufacture in format MMYY (MM - month, RR - year)


7832 (OK) displays date of purchase

7332 (OK) displays date of repair or upgrade

37832 (OK) sets date of purchase in format MMYY (MM - month, RR - year) - attention: you can set it only once, so beware !!!

87267 (OK) transmits user data/move data do service PC




Motorola Codes:



Motorola 920
---------------


Press menu and type one of these numbers and press OK:

11 = Status Review
13 = Available Networks
14 = Preferred Networks
22 = Select Keypad Tones
25 = Require SIM Card PIN
26 = Language Selection
32 = Repetitive Timer
33 = Single Alert Timer
34 = Set IN-Call Display
35 = Show Call Timers
36 = Show Call Charges
37 = Call Charge Settings
38 = Reset All Timers
43 = Reset All Timers
45 = Show Last Call
46 = Total For All Calls
47 = Lifetime Timer
51 = Change Unlock Code
52 = Master Reset
53 = Master Clear (Warning!! May result in deleting the Message Editor!!!)
54 = New Security Code
55 = Automatic Lock
63 = Battery Saving Mode

Free call tip

1 Enter the phone number
2 Enter OK
3 Type *#06#
4 Press Button C
5 And finally press the button for power off.

You should now be able to talk without being billed.


The 54# Tip:

Type 1#, 2#........54# on the keypad (when you're not in the menu) to get the phone number used for with this key when speed dialing.





Motorola 930
--------------


Press menu and type one of these numbers and press OK:

11 = Status Review
13 = Available Networks
14 = Preferred Networks
22 = Select Keypad Tones
25 = Require SIM Card PIN
26 = Language Selection
32 = Repetitive Timer
33 = Single Alert Timer
34 = Set IN-Call Display
35 = Show Call Timers
36 = Show Call Charges
37 = Call Charge Settings
38 = Reset All Timers
43 = Reset All Timers
45 = Show Last Call
46 = Total For All Calls
47 = Lifetime Timer
51 = Change Unlock Code
52 = Master Reset
53 = Master Clear (Warning!! May result in deleting the Message Editor!!!)
54 = New Security Code
55 = Automatic Lock
63 = Battery Saving Mode

Free call tip

1 Enter the phone number
2 Enter OK
3 Type *#06#
4 Press Button C
5 And finally press the button for power off.

You should now be able to talk without being billed.


Motorola 930

The 54# Tip:

Type 1#, 2#........54# on the keypad (when you're not in the menu) to get the phone number used for with this key when speed dialing.





Motorola 6200
--------------



(Note: pause means the * key held in until box appears)
To activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 1 [pause] [ok]
You now have to press the [MENU] and scroll to the 'Eng
Field Options' function with the keys, and enable it.

De-activate RBS

To de-activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 0 [pause] [ok]
This only works with some versions of software.

These countries has been reported working:

UK (Orange)
AU

What's the use of RBS:

Get Distance From Base Station - Place a call, when it
is answered, press [MENU] until 'Eng Field Option' is
displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell', press [OK],
press [MENU] until 'Time Adv xxx' appears, where xxx is
a number. Multiply this number by 550, and the result is
the distance from the RBS (Radio Base Station), in
meters.

Get Signal Quality - press [MENU] until 'Eng Field
Option' is displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell',
press [OK], press [MENU] until 'C1' appears. This is the
signal quality. If it becomes negative for longer than 5
seconds, a new cell is selected.

Pin Outs

Numbered left to right, keypad up, battery down

1. Audio Ground
2. V+
3. True data (TD) (input)
4. Downlink - Complimentary data (CD) (input)
5. Uplink - Return data (RD) (output)
6. GND
7. Audio Out - on/off
8. Audio In
9. Manual Test - ???
10. Battery Feedback
11. Antenna connector






Motorola 7500
-------------



(Note: pause means the * key held in until box appears)
To activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 1 [pause] [ok]
You now have to press the [MENU] and scroll to the 'Eng
Field Options' function with the keys, and enable it.

De-activate RBS

To de-activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 0 [pause] [ok]
This only works with some versions of software.

These countries has been reported working:

IT (model: F16 HW: 5.2 SW: 2.1)


What's the use of RBS:

Get Distance From Base Station - Place a call, when it
is answered, press [MENU] until 'Eng Field Option' is
displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell', press [OK],
press [MENU] until 'Time Adv xxx' appears, where xxx is
a number. Multiply this number by 550, and the result is
the distance from the RBS (Radio Base Station), in
meters.

Get Signal Quality - press [MENU] until 'Eng Field
Option' is displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell',
press [OK], press [MENU] until 'C1' appears. This is the
signal quality. If it becomes negative for longer than 5
seconds, a new cell is selected.

Pin Outs
Numbered right to left, keypad up, battery down looking

1. Gnd
2. Pos
3. True data (TD) (input)
4. Complimentary data (CD) (input)
5. Return data (RD) (output)
6. Audio gnd
7. Audio out
8. Audioin




Motorola 8200
--------------



(Note: pause means the * key held in until box appears)
To activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 1 [pause] [ok]
You now have to press the [MENU] and scroll to the 'Eng
Field Options' function with the keys, and enable it.

De-activate RBS

To de-activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 0 [pause] [ok]
This only works with some versions of software.

These countries has been reported working:

ES, AU, NL, BE


What's the use of RBS:

Get Distance From Base Station - Place a call, when it
is answered, press [MENU] until 'Eng Field Option' is
displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell', press [OK],
press [MENU] until 'Time Adv xxx' appears, where xxx is
a number. Multiply this number by 550, and the result is
the distance from the RBS (Radio Base Station), in
meters.

Get Signal Quality - press [MENU] until 'Eng Field
Option' is displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell',
press [OK], press [MENU] until 'C1' appears. This is the
signal quality. If it becomes negative for longer than 5
seconds, a new cell is selected.

Pin Outs

Numbered right to left, keypad up, battery down looking

1. Audio Ground
2. V+
3. True data (TD) (input)
4. Downlink - Complimentary data (CD) (input)
5. Uplink - Return data (RD) (output)
6. GND
7. Audio Out - on/off
8. Audio In
9. Manual Test - ???
10. Battery Feedback
11. Antenna connector





Motorola 8400
-------------



(Note: pause means the * key held in until box appears)
To activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 1 [pause] [ok]
You now have to press the [MENU] and scroll to the 'Eng
Field Options' function with the keys, and enable it.

De-activate RBS

To de-activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 0 [pause] [ok]
This only works with some versions of software.

These countries has been reported working:

ES, AU, NL, BE


What's the use of RBS:

Get Distance From Base Station - Place a call, when it
is answered, press [MENU] until 'Eng Field Option' is
displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell', press [OK],
press [MENU] until 'Time Adv xxx' appears, where xxx is
a number. Multiply this number by 550, and the result is
the distance from the RBS (Radio Base Station), in
meters.

Get Signal Quality - press [MENU] until 'Eng Field
Option' is displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell',
press [OK], press [MENU] until 'C1' appears. This is the
signal quality. If it becomes negative for longer than 5
seconds, a new cell is selected.

Pin Outs

Numbered right to left, keypad up, battery down looking

1. Audio Ground
2. V+
3. True data (TD) (input)
4. Downlink - Complimentary data (CD) (input)
5. Uplink - Return data (RD) (output)
6. GND
7. Audio Out - on/off
8. Audio In
9. Manual Test - ???
10. Battery Feedback
11. Antenna connector





Motorola 8700
--------------



*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

Activate RBS

(Note: pause means the * key held in until box appears)
To activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 1 [pause] [ok]
You now have to press the [MENU] and scroll to the 'Eng
Field Options' function with the keys, and enable it.

De-activate RBS

To de-activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 0 [pause] [ok]
This only works with some versions of software.

These countries has been reported working:

AU, IT, SG, DE, ES, ZA

What's the use of RBS:

Get Distance From Base Station - Place a call, when it
is answered, press [MENU] until 'Eng Field Option' is
displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell', press [OK],
press [MENU] until 'Time Adv xxx' appears, where xxx is
a number. Multiply this number by 550, and the result is
the distance from the RBS (Radio Base Station), in
meters.

Get Signal Quality - press [MENU] until 'Eng Field
Option' is displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell',
press [OK], press [MENU] until 'C1' appears. This is the
signal quality. If it becomes negative for longer than 5
seconds, a new cell is selected.





Motorola CD 160
---------------



Press menu and type one of these numbers and press OK:

11 = Status Review
13 = Available Networks
14 = Preferred Networks
22 = Select Keypad Tones
25 = Require SIM Card PIN
26 = Language Selection
32 = Repetitive Timer
33 = Single Alert Timer
34 = Set IN-Call Display
35 = Show Call Timers
36 = Show Call Charges
37 = Call Charge Settings
38 = Reset All Timers
43 = Reset All Timers
45 = Show Last Call
46 = Total For All Calls
47 = Lifetime Timer
51 = Change Unlock Code
52 = Master Reset
53 = Master Clear (Warning!! May result in deleting the Message Editor!!!)
54 = New Security Code
55 = Automatic Lock
63 = Battery Saving Mode

Free call tip

1 Enter the phone number
2 Enter OK
3 Type *#06#
4 Press Button C
5 And finally press the button for power off.

You should now be able to talk without being billed.





Motorola CD 520
----------------



Press menu and type one of these numbers and press OK:

11 = Status Review
13 = Available Networks
14 = Preferred Networks
22 = Select Keypad Tones
25 = Require SIM Card PIN
26 = Language Selection
32 = Repetitive Timer
33 = Single Alert Timer
34 = Set IN-Call Display
35 = Show Call Timers
36 = Show Call Charges
37 = Call Charge Settings
38 = Reset All Timers
43 = Reset All Timers
45 = Show Last Call
46 = Total For All Calls
47 = Lifetime Timer
51 = Change Unlock Code
52 = Master Reset
53 = Master Clear (Warning!! May result in deleting the Message Editor!!!)
54 = New Security Code
55 = Automatic Lock
63 = Battery Saving Mode

Free call tip

1 Enter the phone number
2 Enter OK
3 Type *#06#
4 Press Button C
5 And finally press the button for power off.

You should now be able to talk without being billed.





Motorola d460
--------------



#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

Activate RBS

(Note: pause means the * key held in until box appears)
To activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 1 [pause] [ok]
You now have to press the [MENU] and scroll to the 'Eng
Field Options' function with the keys, and enable it.

De-activate RBS

To de-activate RBS type: [pause] [pause] [pause] 1 1 3
[pause] 0 [pause] [ok]
This only works with some versions of software.

What's the use of RBS:

Get Distance From Base Station - Place a call, when it
is answered, press [MENU] until 'Eng Field Option' is
displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell', press [OK],
press [MENU] until 'Time Adv xxx' appears, where xxx is
a number. Multiply this number by 550, and the result is
the distance from the RBS (Radio Base Station), in
meters.

Get Signal Quality - press [MENU] until 'Eng Field
Option' is displayed, press [OK], select 'Active Cell',
press [OK], press [MENU] until 'C1' appears. This is the
signal quality. If it becomes negative for longer than 5
seconds, a new cell is selected.





Motorola V3688
---------------



#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR):

To Enable EFR press [][][] 119 [] 1 [] OK.
To Disable EFR press [][][] 119 [] 0 [] OK

NOTE: Nothing appears on Screen.





Ericsson Mobile Secret Codes:


T10

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

>*<<*<* for checking the firmware revision information (software release)

>*<<*<*>> n-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language.

Shortcut for Last Dialed call menu

If you for some reason don't want to enter the 'Last Dialed calls menu' by using the 'YES' key you can use the following key
stroke instead: First '0' then '#'.

Access menu without Sim card

To access to the menu in your phone without having a card inside do the following: type **04*0000*0000*0000# When display say "Wrong Pin" press NO and you have access to the all menus: Info, Access, Settings, Calculator, Clock, Keylock On?, Mail, Phone book. NOTE if you try this on your phone may stop at Keylock On? menu and you´ll have to take your battery out to turn the phone on again. And this will not care about Phone lock!

A way to (un)lock your cell phone on to the network(subset):
1. Press <**<
2. Then on the display appear and give you two choices: Lock to Network ? and Lock to Network subset? (Use arrow keys to select)
3. Enter the NCK number (code is provided by the SP)
4. You have 5 attemps to do this
5. Then your cell phone will work 'only' with the network

Warning: The Service Provider (SP) Lock menu is used to lock the cell phone to the SP's SIM card. Once the cell phone is locked to a specific operator, if one inserts a SIM card from a different operator the phone will refuse to accept it! The cell phone will however accept another SIM card from the same operator. To activate/deactivate this lock one needs a special secret code that is not available to the end user. Your phone can be locked to a service provider FOREVER by doing this! If an invalid code is entered all five times, the menu will exit and be deactivated! Any further attempt to activate the NCK/NSCK lock Menu will result in the response "Not allowed"! However the NCK/NSCK lock can be recover through a direct clearing in the EEPROM.

Message Report

When you writing a message, place at the start of it the code *0# and continue with your message. It's job is like nokias report. It gives you information about the sended message.

T18

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) Information you get from the IMEI:

XXXXXX XX XXXXXX X

TAC FAC SNR SP

TAC = Type approval code
FAC = Final assembly code
SNR = Serial number
SP = Spare

To access SIM-Locking menu of your phone, press: < * [CLR] <
Be careful or you may lock your phone.

Message Report

When you writing a message, place at the start of it the code *0# and continue with your message. It's job is like nokias report. It gives you information about the sended message.

T28

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

>*<<*<* for checking the firmware revision information (software release)

>*<<*<*> 1-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language.

>*<<*<*>> n-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language.

The Service Provider (SP) Lock

The Service Provider (SP) Lock menu is used to lock the cell phone to the SP's SIM card. Once the cell phone is locked to a specific operator, if one inserts a SIM card from a different operator the phone will refuse to accept it! The cell phone will however accept another SIM card from the same operator.

To activate/deactivate this lock one needs a special secret code that is not available to the end user.

Here is how to activate the menu:

<**< Lock to Network? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NCK.

<**<< Lock to Network subset? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NSCK.

Warning: Your phone can be locked to a service provider FOREVER by doing this! If an invalid code is entered all five times, the menu will exit and be deactivated! Any further attempt to activate the NCK/NSCK lock Menu will result in the response "Not allowed"! However the NCK/NSCK lock can be recover through a direct clearing in the EEPROM.

Shortcut for Last Dialed call menu

If you for some reason don't want to enter the 'Last Dialed calls menu' by using the 'YES' key you can use the following key
stroke instead: First '0' then '#'.

Message Report

When you are writing a message, place at the start of it the code *0# and continue with your message. It's job is like nokias report. It gives you information about the sended message.



388

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

*#0000# to reset the phones menu-language to English.

>*<<*<* for checking the firmware revision information (software release)

>*<<*<*> 1-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language.(298 entries)

>*<<*<*>> n-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language.(160 entries?)

The Service Provider (SP) Lock menu is used to lock the cell phone to the SP's SIM card. Once the cell phone is locked to a specific operator, if one inserts a SIM card from a different operator the phone will refuse to accept it! The cell phone will however accept another SIM card from the same operator.

To activate/deactivate this lock one needs a special secret code that is not available to the end user. (not even to you... or is it ? in case please let me know!)

<**< Lock to Network? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NCK.

<**<< Lock to Network subset? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NSCK.

Warning: Your phone can be locked to a service provider FOREVER by doing this! If an invalid code is entered all five times,the menu will exit and be deactivated! Any further attempt to activate the NCK/NSCK lock Menu will result in the response "Not allowed"! However the NCK/NSCK lock can be recover through a direct clearing in the EEPROM.

Shortcut for Last Dialed call menu...

If you for some reason don't want to enter the 'Last Dialed calls menu' by using the 'YES' key you can use the following key
stroke instead: First '0' then '#'.

Access menu without Sim card ...

To access to the menu in your phone without having a card inside do the following: type **04*0000*0000*0000# When display say "Wrong Pin" press NO and you have access to the all menus: Info, Access, Settings, Calculator, Clock, Keylock On?,Mail, Phone book. NOTE if you try this on the GH688 your phone may stop at Keylock On? menu and you´ll have to take your battery out to turn the phone on again.

GA628

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

*#0000# to reset the phones menu-language to English.

*#103# then YES Time and date will be shown.

>*<<*<* for checking the firmware revision information (software release)

>*<<*<*> 1-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language.(298 entries)

>*<<*<*>> n-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language.(160 entries?)

The Service Provider (SP) Lock

The Service Provider (SP) Lock menu is used to lock the cell phone to the SP's SIM card. Once the cell phone is locked to a specific operator, if one inserts a SIM card from a different operator the phone will refuse to accept it! The cell phone will however accept another SIM card from the same operator.

To activate/deactivate this lock one needs a special secret code that is not available to the end user.

Here is how to activate the menu:

<**< Lock to Network? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NCK.

<**<< Lock to Network subset? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NSCK.

Warning: Your phone can be locked to a service provider FOREVER by doing this! If an invalid code is entered all five times,the menu will exit and be deactivated! Any further attempt to activate the NCK/NSCK lock Menu will result in the response "Not allowed"! However the NCK/NSCK lock can be recover through a direct clearing in the EEPROM.

Shortcut for Last Dialed call menu

If you for some reason don't want to enter the 'Last Dialed calls menu' by using the 'YES' key you can use the following key
stroke instead: First '0' then '#'.

Bat. level indicator when turned OFF

When the phone is turned off and the phone is not changing - the bat. level can be seen for a short period of time by pressing the 'NO' key quick once (it has to be quick!) and then wait for about 2 sec. The bat. level will now be shown in the display at its normal position.

Access menu without Sim card

To access to the menu in your phone without having a card inside do the following: type **04*0000*0000*0000# When display say "Wrong Pin" press NO and you have access to the all menus: Info, Access, Settings, Calculator, Clock, Keylock On?,Mail, Phone book. NOTE if you try this on your phone may stop at Keylock On? menu and you´ll have to take your battery out to turn the phone on again.

Alarm Clock Menu

Go to MissedCall Empty the list Press the -> key for a second or two The option Menu size turns up Choose 'yes' and go from there.

An alarm clock turned up too but it never rang. I think this was because there is no clock in the phone.

Free phone calls using the GA628

This trick has only been reported working on PREPAID GSM CARDS and in some countries and with some sw versions.
The prepaid GSM SIM CARD is a kind of "SIM card" which only has a sertant amount of credit on it (like a normal phonebox telecard)... if it can be traced? - we don't know...

Well..here's the trick you dial the no. normally and press YES. While "connecting" is shown on the screen, the following procedure should be carried out: Press CLR then 0 then # and then NO (twice) so as to switch OFF the phone. You can then still speak on the phone while it is switched off but the SIM card does not record your calls which will lead to FREE phone calls in some countries.. we hope!!

Another variant of the code

Make a Call, while the phone says Connecting type 083# (the position 83 must be empty! ), when phone says Pos Emtpy, press the NO key and turn off the phone.

If you can make the call with the phone turned off you will face a problem when you need to hang up the phone...the only way for you to do that is remove the battery...???

read more...

10 reasons why PCs crash U must Know

Fatal error: the system has become unstable or is busy," it says. "Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications."

You have just been struck by the Blue Screen of Death. Anyone who uses Mcft Windows will be familiar with this. What can you do? More importantly, how can you prevent it happening?

1 Hardware conflict

The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device.

For example, a printer usually connects internally on IRQ 7. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 6. Each device will try to hog a single IRQ for itself.

If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen. The way to check if your computer has a hardware conflict is through the following route:

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager.

Often if a device has a problem a yellow '!' appears next to its description in the Device Manager. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be using it.

Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder for PCI steering'. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove the problem device and reinstall it.

Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the internet to make the device function properly. A good resource is www.driverguide.com. If the device is a soundcard, or a modem, it can often be fixed by moving it to a different slot on the motherboard (be careful about opening your computer, as you may void the warranty).

When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead and touch an unpainted metal surface to discharge any static electricity.

To be fair to Mcft, the problem with IRQ numbers is not of its making. It is a legacy problem going back to the first PC designs using the IBM 8086 chip. Initially there were only eight IRQs. Today there are 16 IRQs in a PC. It is easy to run out of them. There are plans to increase the number of IRQs in future designs.

2 Bad Ram

Ram (random-access memory) problems might bring on the blue screen of death with a message saying Fatal Exception Error. A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need replacing.

But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-nanosecond (70ns) Ram with 60ns Ram will usually force the computer to run all the Ram at the slower speed. This will often crash the machine if the Ram is overworked.

One way around this problem is to enter the BIOS settings and increase the wait state of the Ram. This can make it more stable. Another way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or take some of them out. Then try to repeat the circumstances that caused the crash. When handling Ram try not to touch the gold connections, as they can be easily damaged.

Parity error messages also refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity (ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not to mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble.

EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be due to free memory problems often linked to old Dos-based programmes.

3 BIOS settings

Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common way to access these settings is to press the F2 or delete button during the first few seconds of a boot-up.

Once inside the BIOS, great care should be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece of paper all the settings that appear on the screen. That way, if you change something and the computer becomes more unstable, you will know what settings to revert to.

A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency. This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data out) Ram has a CAS latency of 3. Newer SDRam has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the computer's display.

Mcft Windows is better at allocating IRQ numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ numbers to Auto in the BIOS. This will allow Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to 'yes' to allow Windows to do this.).

4 Hard disk drives

After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk drive starts to become piecemeal or fragmented. It is a good idea to defragment the hard disk every week or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Disk Defragmenter

This will start the procedure. You will be unable to write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk is defragmenting, so it is a good idea to schedule the procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task Scheduler.

The Task Scheduler should be one of the small icons on the bottom right of the Windows opening page (the desktop).

Some lockups and screen freezes caused by hard disk problems can be solved by reducing the read-ahead optimisation. This can be adjusted by going to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System Icon-Performance-File System-Hard Disk.

Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive every few months and free some space on it. Open the Windows folder on the C drive and find the Temporary Internet Files folder. Deleting the contents (not the folder) can free a lot of space.

Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space. Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-ScanDisk

Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform this operation at night when the computer is not in use.

5 Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors

Fatal OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems.

These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Display-Settings

Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the colour settings on the left of that window. For most desktops, high colour 16-bit depth is adequate.

If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a hardware conflict. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager

Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue) and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts.

If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you do in case you make things worse.

The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button. You are searching for a setting that will display a No Conflicts message.

Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Performance-Graphics

Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a device).

Look up your video card's manufacturer on the internet and search for the most recent drivers for it.

6 Viruses

Often the first sign of a virus infection is instability. Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive, making it impossible to start. This is why it is a good idea to create a Windows start-up disk. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Add/Remove Programs

Here, look for the Start Up Disk tab. Virus protection requires constant vigilance.

A virus scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to be able to identify viruses. These signatures are stored in a DAT file. DAT files should be updated weekly from the website of your antivirus software manufacturer.

An excellent antivirus programme is McAfee VirusScan by Network Associates ( www.nai.com). Another is Norton AntiVirus 2000, made by Symantec ( www.symantec.com).

7 Printers

The action of sending a document to print creates a bigger file, often called a postscript file.

Printers have only a small amount of memory, called a buffer. This can be easily overloaded. Printing a document also uses a considerable amount of CPU power. This will also slow down the computer's performance.

If the printer is trying to print unusual characters, these might not be recognised, and can crash the computer. Sometimes printers will not recover from a crash because of confusion in the buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug the printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore the printer's default settings and you may be able to carry on.

8 Software

A common cause of computer crash is faulty or badly-installed software. Often the problem can be cured by uninstalling the software and then reinstalling it. Use Norton Uninstall or Uninstall Shield to remove an application from your system properly. This will also remove references to the programme in the System Registry and leaves the way clear for a completely fresh copy.

The System Registry can be corrupted by old references to obsolete software that you thought was uninstalled. Use Reg Cleaner by Jouni Vuorio to clean up the System Registry and remove obsolete entries. It works on Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 SE (Second Edition), Windows Millennium Edition (ME), NT4 and Windows 2000.

Read the instructions and use it carefully so you don't do permanent damage to the Registry. If the Registry is damaged you will have to reinstall your operating system. Reg Cleaner can be obtained from www.jv16.org

Often a Windows problem can be resolved by entering Safe Mode. This can be done during start-up. When you see the message "Starting Windows" press F4. This should take you into Safe Mode.

Safe Mode loads a minimum of drivers. It allows you to find and fix problems that prevent Windows from loading properly.

Sometimes installing Windows is difficult because of unsuitable BIOS settings. If you keep getting SUWIN error messages (Windows setup) during the Windows installation, then try entering the BIOS and disabling the CPU internal cache. Try to disable the Level 2 (L2) cache if that doesn't work.

Remember to restore all the BIOS settings back to their former settings following installation.

9 Overheating

Central processing units (CPUs) are usually equipped with fans to keep them cool. If the fan fails or if the CPU gets old it may start to overheat and generate a particular kind of error called a kernel error. This is a common problem in chips that have been overclocked to operate at higher speeds than they are supposed to.

One remedy is to get a bigger better fan and install it on top of the CPU. Specialist cooling fans/heatsinks are available from www.computernerd.com or www.coolit.com

CPU problems can often be fixed by disabling the CPU internal cache in the BIOS. This will make the machine run more slowly, but it should also be more stable.

10 Power supply problems

With all the new construction going on around the country the steady supply of electricity has become disrupted. A power surge or spike can crash a computer as easily as a power cut.

If this has become a nuisance for you then consider buying a uninterrupted power supply (UPS). This will give you a clean power supply when there is electricity, and it will give you a few minutes to perform a controlled shutdown in case of a power cut.

It is a good investment if your data are critical, because a power cut will cause any unsaved data to be lost.

read more...